Thursday, September 15, 2016

IELTS Materials and Resources, Get IELTS Tips, Tricks & Practice Test 10


IELTS Materials and Resources, Get IELTS Tips, Tricks & Practice Test

Posted: 15 Sep 2016 04:16 AM PDT

IELTS Speaking Part 1

1.Are there many advertisements in your country?
I would say yes. You can easily see a wide range of advertisements almost everywhere in my hometown. For example, almost half of a newspaper is made up of ads.
2.Why do you think there are so many advertisements now?
I guess it's due to their benefits. First, advertising is an essential part of promotional campaigns for companies to reach their end users. It helps raise the visibility of a company’s brand. Second, advertisements can act as decoration on the street. I find a street better-looking with advertisements.
3.What are the various places where we see advertisements?
Today advertising gets to people through different forms of communication, from print media to electronic ones, so you can see advertisements on websites, social networks or in the newspapers and magazines. There are also ads you see outdoors as well, for example, large banners and posters hung on the roads, on the buses or trains.
4.How do you feel about advertisements?
Most people may find those ways of product promotion annoying, but I'm an exception. I'm quite into advertisements. They're colourful, brilliantly designed, illustrated, photographed or typeset pieces and often have useful, informative contents.
VOCABULARY
✔ Promotional campaign: [noun] A series of advertisements using various marketing tools that share the same message and ideas to promote a business or event to a target audience.
Example: Promotional campaigns play a crucial role in the marketing strategy of a company.
✔ End users: [noun] Person or organization that actually uses a product
Example: We provide the best quality products to our end users.
✔ Print media: [noun] refers to paper publications circulated in the form of physical editions of newspapers, articles, journals, etc
✔ Electronic media: [noun] refers to television, radio, etc
✔ Informative: [adjective] giving useful information
Example: The professor's lecture was very informative and I learned a lot from it.

IELTS Speaking Part 2

Describe a team project for study or entertainment
You should say:
• When you did it
• Where you did it
• Who you did it with
• How you did it
• Why you liked it or disliked it
Well, when it comes to teamwork, I can only think of a bad memory. I remember when I was a first year student, my teacher asked me and some other students in my class to set up a team project. A girl was assigned to be the leader and we had to prepare a presentation about our university. My teacher thought it would make a great contribution to our friendship, and the whole thing done with the best of intentions. But it turned out to be the worst team project ever.
All of us were freshmen, so my team was essentially a bunch of strangers who I happened to be teamed up with. I didn't know anything about the others, and they knew nothing about me. Moreover, it was obvious that the leader didn't have any leadership skill. She didn't know how to allocate work to individual team members. She always sat on the fence, I mean, she let every member raise their voice but she didn't know which one would be the best. As a result, she wasn't able to make any decisions. No one in our team showed any respect for her. They only did what they wanted to do. And I was no exception. I was too busy doing my own thing. In the end, no one did any work and nothing was done. Several weeks later, I was still kicking myself for taking part in such a team project.
VOCABULARY
✔ When it comes to: [expression] as for something; speaking about a particular topic
Example: When it comes to trouble, little boys know how to cause it.
✔ assign: [verb] to give a particular job or piece of work to someone
Example: The case has been assigned to our most senior officer.
✔ freshmen: [noun] first-year university or college students
Example: The dean of the university gave a speech of welcome to all the freshmen who had arrived there to study.
✔ A bunch of: [expression] a large group
Example: She gave me a bunch of flowers.
✔ allocate: [verb] to give something to someone as their share of a total amount, to use in a particular way
Example: The government is allocating £10 million for health education.
✔ Sit on the fence: [idiom] not to take sides in a dispute; not to make a clear choice between two possibilities in a dispute.
Example: My tutor told me to support one side of the argument or the other, and not to sit on the fence.
✔ Do one's own thing: [expression] following one's own interests and ideas, without considering other people
Example: On Sundays, I just enjoy doing my own thing without any regular commitments.
✔ To kick oneself for: [idiom] regret doing something
Example: I'm kicking myself for not buying that T-shirt.

IELTS Speaking Part3

1.What kinds of qualities does a leader need?
Well, I suppose leaders need to possess a wide range of skills. First, they have to know ways to inspire and motivate their followers. Second, they have to be the ones who are willing to take responsibilities and criticism. Sometimes, their ego can hinder them from being a great leader. Leadership skills also include their abilities to build relationships. The stronger their relationships, the better a leader they will be.
2.What are the reasons for the failure of teamwork?
I reckon teamwork failure depends solely on the failure of that team's leader. If the leader has a short vision and makes misguided decisions, he or she will lead the whole team into a mess. Moreover, the leader is the bridge between team member's relationships. Bad relationships result in weak communications and a lack of networking with each other. Consequently, team members cannot work effectively together. Apart from poor leadership skills, poor time management or poor budgeting may also cause the whole team to fail.
3.Do children need to know more about teamwork?
Of course they do. Children need instruction in effective teamwork for a wide variety of reasons. When learning about teamwork, not only are children learning to work as a team, they’re also learning to actively listen and respond in a way that makes the group effort more effective. It's beneficial for their ability to interact socially. In addition to that, working in a team helps children learn to reflect on their individual experience versus the experience of the group. They often get feedback from their instructor and other members of the group. Self-reflection contributes a lot to a child's development.
4.Is cooperation more important than competition?
Actually, I can't tell which one works better in general. On the one hand, by competing against others and comparing ourselves with one another, we learn how to improve and achieve success. On the other hand, in some cases, competition leads directly to hostility and greed, both of which are the enemies of progress. Cooperation also has certain advantages and disadvantages. The main strength is that cooperation provides the chance to help other people and let them help you in return, while the biggest weakness of cooperation is that the mass of members may lose interest and let a small clique take over affairs and manage things for their own benefit. So, I would say that it depends on each situation as to whether cooperation or competition is more important.
VOCABULARY
✔ inspire: [verb] to make someone feel that they want to do something and can do it:
Example: After her trip to Venezuela, she felt inspired to learn Spanish.
✔ hinder: [verb] to limit the ability of someone to do something, or to limit the development of something:
Example: Her progress certainly has been hindered by her lack of experience.
✔ solely: [adverb] only and not involving anyone or anything else:
Example: He’s solely in charge of the operation.
✔ Misguided: [adjective] wrong, because you have judged a situation badly:
Example: Her decision to quit her job is, in my opinion, misguided.
✔ Mess: [noun] a situation that is full of problems:
Example: The economy is in a mess as a result of government policies.
✔ Result in: [phrasal verb] lead to, bring about
Example: The fire resulted in damage to their property.
✔ Self- reflection: [noun] careful thought about your own behavior and beliefs
Example: I often do some self-reflection when I'm alone.
✔ Clique: [noun] a group of people who spend their time together and exclude others:
Example: A small clique of corrupt politicians are running the country
.
✔ Take over: [phrasal verb] to get control of something, or to do something instead of someone else:
Example: She took over management of this department last winter.
Posted: 15 Sep 2016 01:45 AM PDT

IELTS Writing Task 2 Topic:

Traditional food is undergoing great changes and being replaced by new diets. What do you think are the reasons and what do you think about this phenomenon?

Outline
Identifying the essay type: Give the reasons and your opinion
Structuring the essay:
INTRODUCTION
refer to the statement
BODY
Paragraph 1: Give the reasons for this issue
[1] family size is the proper explanation for this change
[2] this dietary shift is also attributable to recent leaps in technology. [3] the enormous penetration of transnational cartels throughout the developing world is also inextricably linked to this transition.
Paragraph 2: Give your opinion about this issue => Negative consequences
[1] the demise of cultural norms [2] various ailments such as obesity, cardiovascular and diabetes are exacerbated
CONCLUSION:
Restate your point.
SAMPLE ANSWER:
Our contemporary society has been apparently characterised by the hustle and bustle of our life’s tempo, coinciding with the shift in dietary consumption and energy expenditure. Accordingly, artisanal foods and culinary traditions have been left with little room to cater for modern people’s requirements to their satisfaction. This essay aims to indicate some rationales behind this phenomenon.
First, family size is the proper explanation for this change. Formerly, the large size of families frequently leads to economic sense for one person to devote himself or herself to time-consuming domestic tasks. Yet, an increasing amount of family planning and a following decrease in the fertility rate have paved the way for numerous nuclear families with fewer members, but with higher demands for a better life, compared to the past. Understandably, parents have to earn their living more industriously, and processed foods, therefore, are no doubt substituting decent meals with conventional foods to save their time. Second, this dietary shift is also attributable to recent leaps in technology. Daily tasks that were once laborious engagements are presently far easier with the help of technological advancements, with examples being appliances such as refrigerators, washing machines, and stoves. Therefore, new diets are taking the place of long-established ways of handling food by a simple press of a button. Further, technology has rendered our lifestyles more sedentary and convenience food is an optimum choice of white collars who are frequently chasing after the clock. Third, the enormous penetration of transnational cartels throughout the developing world is also inextricably linked to this transition. In fact, the liberalisation of foreign investment, the commercialization, and the saturation of Western markets have pushed domestic companies into other foreign locales. Also, improvements in the logistics and procurement systems employed by supermarkets have allowed them to compete, on cost, with the more typical outlets in locals – the small mom-and-pop stores and wet markets for fruits, vegetables, and all other products.
There are myriad of negative consequences. First, the demise of cultural norms will be inevitable. Specific techniques and practices would die out with our ancestors as they have no one in the younger generations to take up their craft. Moreover, various ailments such as obesity, cardiovascular and diabetes are exacerbated in our society.
Overall, I reckon that this phenomenon is triggered by many factors and has put our modern society in jeopardy. However, we should take full advantage of each kind of food, and to grasp all negative impacts of new diets to ensure our better life.
Useful vocabulary
  • The hustle and bustle of our life’s tempo
  • Dietary consumption and energy expenditure
  • Artisanal foods and culinary traditions
  • Economic sense for one person
  • Paved the way for
  • The enormous penetration of transnational cartels
  • The liberalisation of foreign investment
  • Commercialization
  • The demise of cultural norms
Hope you can find this post intriguing. Try to practice writing every day to improve your writing skills. You can find more tips and lessons about the IELTS test on ieltsmaterial.com. Don’t forget “Practice makes perfect”.

Posted: 15 Sep 2016 01:28 AM PDT

IELTS Cue Card for IELTS Speaking Part 2:

Describe a song that has special meaning for you.
You should say:
what this song is about
when and where you first heard this song
how often you listen to this song
and explain why it has special meaning for you.
BAND 9.0 SAMPLE ANSWER:
I love listening to music, so I like many songs. However, one of my favorite songs that I want to talk about today is "Hall of Fame" by The Script and Will.i.am. This song was written for the 2012 Olympic Games.
When it came out, it quickly became a hit on every single music chart throughout the world, not just because of its catchy melody, but also for its meaningful lyrics. The song talks about how each of us can be a champion or anything we want to be as long as we dedicate our time and efforts to doing what we are passionate about. The song is played at big athletic events to pump up the crowd, but you can easily relate to the song at other times as well, especially when you are about to give up.
I think this song has such a powerful message that whenever I was tired or had decided to quit, it would lift me up right away. It made me think about why I had started in the first place and that I needed to finish the job that I was currently doing.
VOCABULARY:
became a hit: when a song becomes a hit, it means that it is super popular and that people are listening to it on the radio and buying it on iTunes or elsewhere. Example: Taylor Swift‟s song "Bad Blood" became a hit instantly.
catchy melody: the melody is the part that you sing along with and if it is catchy, it means that it is easy to sing along with and people like it, you easily remember it and it sticks in your mind.
Example: The song "Uptown Funk" has a catchy melody that people love to sing.
meaningful lyrics: lyrics are the words in a song and if they are meaningful, it means that they actually mean something or have some sort of importance or significance; they aren‟t just silly, meaningless words. Example: His sister writes meaningful lyrics for her songs.
champion: someone who wins, a winner. Example: He didn‟t see himself as a champion until he had reached his goals.
dedicate: to commit your time to doing something; to make a promise to yourself to do something. Example: You were able to get a high score on the test because you dedicated 2 hours every day to studying and preparing yourself.
effort: the work that you put into doing something. Example: The time and effort he spent improving his English paid off when he got a $10,000 raise.
passionate: if you are passionate about something it means you have a strong desire to do something or a strong interest in something. Example: Elite athletes are passionate about their sport and want to become the best.
played at: to play a song at an event means to broadcast it over loudspeakers so everyone can hear it. Example: They always play the song "We Are the Champions" at basketball games.
to pump up the crowd: to get the people excited about the game or event.
Example: The cheerleaders tried to pump up the crowd during the football game.
relate to: to see yourself in something or to understand it in a personal way. Example: She can relate to the lyrics of that song about love and loss.
give up: to quit; to stop doing something. Example: He decided to give up smoking after 10 years.
quit: to stop doing something; to give up. Example: She convinced her son not to quit the soccer team.
lift me up or lift someone up: to make someone feel better. Example: His brother is good at lifting others up when they are feeling down.
Posted: 15 Sep 2016 01:00 AM PDT

Seek – Word Of The Day For IELTS Speaking And Writing

Seek: (Verb) /siːk/

Definition:

(formal) to try to achieve or get something

Synonyms: 

Try, Looking for, Search

Collocations: 

With noun: seek refuge/asylum/ shelter/ revenge/ damages/ compensation

Example:

For IELTS Speaking:
“Thousands of people crossed the border, seeking refuge from the war.”
“He sought revenge against Surkov for separating him from his wife and son.”

For IELTS Writing:
“It takes courage for parents to permit themselves to be vulnerable and seek psychological help.”

Exercise:

Choose the following words to fill in the blank: regulate, elements, constructed, seek, appropriate, traditions, maintain, impact, community, potential. 
  1. Changes in the American economy generally have a serious _______________ on our economy here in Canada.
  2. Most immigrants to Canada try to preserve the culture and _______________ of their home country for their children.
  3. Water and salt both work to _______________ the water content of the body.
  4. People in this _______________ want to keep the area safe for children to play in..
  5. I don’t really think that it is _______________ to wear jeans to the office.
  6. The Great Wall of China was _______________ to keep out enemy invaders.
  7. There are 109 different _______________ in the Periodic Table in chemistry.
  8. Tian Hsu works hard to _______________ close friendships with the students she studied with in London.
  9. My great-grandfather came to Boston to _______________ his fortune in the early 1800s.
  10. Scientists are only beginning to recognize the _______________ benefits of using ocean tides as a source of endless, clean energy.
Answer key
1. impact
2. traditions
3. regulate
4. community
5. appropriate
6. constructed
7. elements
8. maintain
9. seek
10.potential
Check out Vocabulary for IELTS Speaking & Writing on IELTS Material website to improve your vocabulary for IELTS and get a high score in IELTS.
Posted: 15 Sep 2016 01:00 AM PDT

Stuck In A Rut – Idiom Of The Day For IELTS Speaking.

Definition: 
In a boring situation, with no hope of excitement, or future prospects.
Example:
“I’m really stuck in a rut in this job. I think I’ll look for something new.”
“Since Rose divorced her husband, she has been being stuck in a rut.“
“Many students feel stuck in a rut because they can’t find a job after they graduate.”
Exercise: 
  1. Choose the suitable idiom to complete this sentence below
    “After many failures to apply for the job, John is definitely_____________”
    A. at a push.
    B. bear fruit.
    C. stuck in a rut.
    D. having egg on his face .
  2. Describe the job you have done but you did not like it. Try to use this idiom in your speech. You should say:
    – What the job was
    – Where you heard about this job
    – What you did
    – And explain why you did not like it
Posted: 15 Sep 2016 01:00 AM PDT

SECTION 1

Questions 1 – 10

Complete the form below.
Write NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS AND/OR A NUMBER for each answer.
Tom’s Computer Maintenance
Customer Information Form
Date: Sunday, 12th May
Example:                                                                                   Answer.
Reason for call:                                                                   computer problem
What happened:                            the screen 1…………………………
Troubleshooting checklist:
Restarted computer
The computer is 2………………. – not running on battery
Activity when the problem occurred:           3………………………………………..
Possible diagnosis: a virus
Anti-virus programme: 4……………………………………….
Appointment
Location: 5………………………………..
Time scheduled for visit: 6……………………………………
Street address: 14 7…………………………………. Crescent, 2F3
Customer name: Sandra 8……………………………………
Name on buzzer: the same as above
Fee: 9………………………………….for the first hour's work, then £40 per hour
Estimated time for job: less than 10……………………………………..

SECTION 2

Questions 11 – 17

Choose the correct letter, A, B or C.
11 The speaker’s job requires
A. a great deal of walking. B extensive travel.
B. extensive travel.
C. clean water.
12 Why is this story being told?
A. to promote Charity-Water B for entertainment purposes C to encourage Helen
B. for entertainment purposes C to encourage Helen
C. to encourage Helen
13. Why do the charity workers usually surprise communities?
A. It makes people happy.
B. It is difficult to spread news.
C. It makes their work easier.
14 When villagers heard of the charity workers' arrival, they
A. had a party.
B. were suspicious.
C. took no notice.
15 Helen is feeling
A. ecstatic about her new life.
B. curious about the charity workers.
C. nostalgic about her old life.
16 What did the speaker notice about Helen?
A. that she had bathed recently
B. the care she took with her appearance C that she was wearing a green uniform
C. that she was wearing a green uniform
17 Making someone feel beautiful was
A. part of the speaker's job description.
B. an unexpected bonus for the speaker.
C. of little importance to the speaker.

Questions 18 – 20

In what THREE ways did the new well improve Helen’s life?
Choose THREE letters A – G.
18……………………………                       19…………………………….                           20……………………………..
A. Her children enjoyed better health E. She had more choices and options
B. It increased her household income F. She made new friends in her village
C. It gave her more free time G. It allowed her to go to school
D. She got a leadership position

SECTION 3

Questions 21 – 25

Complete the sentences below.
Write NO MORE THAN TWO WORDS AND/OR A NUMBER for each answer.
21 Jessica is interviewing Dr Kitching for ……………………………….. for the school newspaper.
22 Everyone Jessica knows is rather …………………………………. about how to ask for references.
23 Dr Kitching gives Jessica permission …………………………….. to their conversation.
24 Dr Kitching writes more than ………………………………. a year.
25 The majority of ……………………………….. are in the spring or early summer when students start thinking about their future.

Questions 26 – 30

Complete the flow-chart below.
Choose FIVE answers from the box and write the correct letter A – G next to questions 26 – 30.
STEPS TO TAKE WHEN ASKING FOR A REFERENCE AFTER GRADUATION
Start with a(n) 26…………………..
Say what 27…………………………. you took and when you took it.
Give any 28 ……………………….. to identify yourself.
Follow up with a(n) 29…………………..
Ask for a(n) 30…………………………
A. message
B. meeting
C. information
D. exam
E. telephone call
F. course
G. email

SECTION 4

Question 31 – 40

Complete the notes below.
Write NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS for each answer.
Date: 6th November
Lecture Topic Primate Behaviour
Review – Last lecture we talked about how physical features apply to:
  • living primates
  • classification
  • 31………………………
  • Human  evolution is not just about how people have 32…………………….. but also about how our behaviour evolved.
• The most notable thing about humans is not just that they walk on two legs but that they can 33……………………….
Primate Cognitive Abilities
Cognition = the amount of 34……………………… that goes into a behaviour.
It’s difficult to come up with 35……………………. to measure cognition.
How sentient are the 36…………………………….
Sentient = there is 37………………………… conscious thought
Behaviours that support the presence ef conscious thought in primates:
  • Various sorts of 38………………………….. (helping others without benefit)
  • “Machiavellian Intelligence” or deliberate 39………………………………..
  • Chimps can be language-trained – highly intelligent
  • Cognition and intelligence in primates has deep 40…………………………….. ramifications.

Answer key:

  1. Went blank
  2. Plugged in
  3. On the/ using the Internet
  4. Not sure
  5. Morningside (area)
  6. 7:45
  7. Branston
  8. Sarrencen
  9. 60
  10. Half an hour
  11. B
  12. A
  13. C
  14. A
  15. A
  16. B
  17. B
  18. C
  19. D
  20. E
  21. an article
  22. puzzled
  23. record
  24. 50 references
  25. (the) requests
  26. E
  27. F
  28. C
  29. G
  30. B
  31. the sossil record
  32. changed physically
  33. reason and/or imagine
  34. thought
  35. experiments
  36. great apes
  37. presence of
  38. altruism
  39. social deception
  40. moral and political
BONUS EXERCISE: GAP-FILLING 
The texts below are transcript for your IELTS Listening Practice Test. To make the most out of this transcript, we removed some words from the texts and replaced with spaces. You has to fill each space with the missing word by listening to the audio for this IELTS listening practice test. 
TASK II: GAP-FILLING
SECTION 1
M = computer technician
F = woman whose computer has crashed.
M Hello. Tom’s computer […………………………….]; how may I help you?
F: Hello. Lum„ seem to have a problem with my computer.
It’s really […………………………….]too, because I’ve a deadline tomorrow I’m […………………………….]to meet
F: Suddenly the screen went blank. Blue. A blank, […………………………….].
I don't know If you can do something about it?
Nt Ah, the dreaded blue screen. I think I can do something about it – it’s my job after all. There are a few different […………………………….], though, that could be going on with your computer. You’ve tried […………………………….]it, right?
F: Oh, yes. Nothing.
Nt And it’s plugged in. not running on battery?
F: Yes.
Nt Are you sure? Can you check again?
F: Ok. Yes, it’s plugged in.
Nt Ok. Can you give me a bit more […………………………….]about what happened?
F: The screen went […………………………….].
M: No, I mean, what activity were you doing when the problem […………………………….]? Your computer was on, I presume; you were working, right? What did you do immediately before the blank screen […………………………….]? Were you using the internet?
F: Yes. I was. Is it a virus?
M: That seems likely. What […………………………….]software are you using?
F: Uh. I’m not sure. How […………………………….]!
Nt Never mind I’ll have to come and have a look at your computer.
F: Ok, that’s great.
M: Alright, let’s see. What about tomorrow morning about 10?
F: Oh, no. That wont do I’m […………………………….]. I’ve got a very important […………………………….]on the computer that absolutely must be finished and […………………………….]by 9 a.m. tomorrow. By ten it’s too late, I’m afraid. Can’t you come now?
M: Well, I’m at a job at the moment, and my wife and kids are expecting me home by 8 for dinner.
F: Can you at least […………………………….]someone else who can work? I know it’s Sunday evening, but surely there’s somebody, I mean, people have […………………………….]! (beginning to sound stressed) I've been calling numbers in the phone book, and you’re the only one out of about twelve that even […………………………….]
M: Just a moment, don’t panic. Where are you located?
F: I’m in the Morningside area
M: Well, you’re in luck. I have to pass your area on my way home anyway. Now I should be […………………………….]here by half past seven, so what about around […………………………….]? Is that ok?
F: That’s great, thank you.
Hit What’s your address?
F: […………………………….]
M: That’s b-r-a-n-i-s-t
F: No. sorry, b r a n s t o n crescent
M: Oh, alright, and your name?
F: […………………………….]. That’s [s a double r e n c e n].
M: And the name on the […………………………….]?
F: The same.
M: Alright, I'll be there shortly.
F: Thanks. Ah, can I ask you how much it’s going to cost?
M: Certainly. My call-out fee is […………………………….], and that covers the first hour’s work, and after that the fee is […………………………….]an hour.
F: Oh, gosh. That’s rather expensive. How long do you think it will take?
M: If we’re lucky it will be […………………………….]quick. Honestly, though, if it takes much more than half an hour I’ll have to finish it tomorrow morning. But I doubt that will happen.
F: I hope not! Will you take a […………………………….], or do you prefer cash?
M: A cheque is fine.
F: OK, so, I’ll be waiting…
M: OK. bye.
 SECTION 2
As Charity-Water’s Water […………………………….]Manager, I travel to some of the most […………………………….]places on earth in search of clean water. And while the […………………………….]changes, there’s always one thing that […………………………….]the same: the women are always walking. Whether I’m in the mountains of Haiti, in […………………………….]Liberia, or the […………………………….]of the Central African Republic, the women are always carrying water. To give you an idea of the work that Charity-Water does, I'll tell you the story of one of these women.
Driving down a […………………………….]road in the middle of Northern Uganda, our truck suddenly […………………………….]off the road and up over an […………………………….]. We usually prefer to surprise communities by otr […………………………….]because it makes it easier to […………………………….]how our water points are […………………………….]without hundreds of people watching. But once you visit a few communities in the neighbourhood, […………………………….]of your […………………………….]spread like wildfire.
We […………………………….]of the truck and walk into a party.
This is when I met Helen Apis. She told me about the new […………………………….]well in her village. “I am happy now,” Helen […………………………….]. “I have time to eat, my children can go to school. And I can even work in my garden, take a shower and then come back for more water if I want! I am bathing so well”
A few of the men […………………………….]to hear a woman talk about bathing.
But all I noticed was Helen’s […………………………….]face, the fresh flowers in her hair, and the lovely green dress she wore for special […………………………….]. Touching her […………………………….], I replied, “Well, you look great” “Yes,” she paused. Placing both hands on my shoulders and smiling, she said, “Now, I am beautiful.” That really hit me. My job is to focus on […………………………….]development, health, […………………………….]and […………………………….]; to make sure Charity-Wateris projects are work¬ing in 20 years. But nowhere on any of my surveys or […………………………….]was a place to write. Today we made someone feel beautiful.”
Before she had clean water, Helen would wake up before dawn, take her only two […………………………….] Jerry Cans, and walk almost a mile and a half to the nearest water point, which happens to be at a school. Because there simply wasn’t enough water for the area’s population, she’d wait in line with […………………………….]of other women who also […………………………….]clean water. Helen’s only other option was to skip the wait and collect […………………………….]water from a pond.
Helen spent most of her day […………………………….]and waiting. She told me each day she’d say to herself, “How should I use this water today? Should I water my garden so we can grow food? Should I wash my children’s […………………………….]? Should I use it to cook a meal? Should we drink this water?” With two children, […………………………….]and […………………………….], Helen had to make choices. I saw the shame in her eyes when she […………………………….]how she would return from her long trek to find her two young chil¬dren waiting for her. They were often sent home from school because their […………………………….]were dirty.
With the new well in her village, her life was […………………………….].
She now had choices: free time: options. Also, Helen had been chosen to be the Water Committee […………………………….], collecting nominal fees from […………………………….]to use for the maintenance of their well. Water Committees are often the first time women ever get elected to […………………………….]positions in villages. Last month, Helen was standing in line waiting for water. This month, she’s standing up for her […………………………….]. And now, she is beautiful.
 SECTION 3
J = Jessica K = Dr. Kitching
J: Hello Dr. Kitching, my name’s Jessica. I work for the student […………………………….]. I called you last week to ask if I could […………………………….]you for an article about how to ask for […………………………….].
K: Oh, yes; I remember! Come in. Have a seat.
J: Thank you. Do you have a few minutes now to do the interview?
K: Yes, that’s fine.
J: Great! I got the idea to do this […………………………….]because, well, everyone I know is rather […………………………….]about how to get references from […………………………….]when they need them for […………………………….]for jobs or […………………………….]studies. And I thought, since you’re a professor, and you’ve been working as a student […………………………….]for many years also, what better person to ask.
It Yes, I have got some advice I can share on this topic. Where shall we begin?
J: First of all, do you mind if j record our […………………………….]?
K: No. I dont mind.
J: Thanks. Do you write many references yourself?
K: Oh yes, I certainly do! Let’s see, it’s […………………………….]of course, but I’d say I average at least […………………………….].
J: My goodness! That’s nearly five per month! It’s more than one per week!
K: Yes, it’s a lot. And of course, most of the […………………………….]are made in the spring or early summer, when students are starting to think seriously about where they will be heading after they […………………………….]in June.
J: Do most professors do so many?
K: Yes, it’s part of the job. Of course, because I’m an advisor, students probably feel like I know them rather better than some pro¬fessors, so I probably get a few more than I would […………………………….].
J: Alright, so what do we students need to know in terms of asking for references or letters of […………………………….]? It’s incredibly daunting, actually, […………………………….]since we have such large classes. I’m not sure if my professors even know who I am!
It Yes, that’s probably the biggest issue students face in getting references. You will […………………………….]have to contact former Professors even if you have never spoken to them outside of class. Following on this, if I were giving a […………………………….]student advice, I would say to make sure you’ve had […………………………….]with several Professors outside of class so you won't be a […………………………….]. All it takes is visiting during office hours, even if it’s just to say “Hello, I’m enjoying your […………………………….]“.
J: But what if we didn’t do that?
K: Then you’ll just have to contact your professor anyway. Make a […………………………….]call; tell him or her who you are, and what classes you […………………………….], this sort of thing. Remember, for your professor, recalling an […………………………….]student out of hundreds and hundreds isn't easy. So tell him or her what course you took, and what […………………………….]and year it was. Include what grade you got and anything […………………………….]. Perhaps you spilled your […………………………….]. Though at the time it wasn’t funny it might be enough for Professor Brown to remember you and it won’t shed any […………………………….]light on you; it was an […………………………….]. Or perhaps, although you never spoke outside of class, you went up and asked a question that was a great one. Any information you can give to […………………………….]yourself is going to help you out
J: Should I visit Professor Brown in person?
K: Yes, that would be ideal. I would suggest giving the information first over the phone, then follow up by […………………………….]it to your professor. During the phone conversation, ask if you could meet […………………………….]. This will be both a physical reminder of who you are and also another chance to make a good […………………………….].
J: Isnt it very difficult to write […………………………….]for all these students you’ve never spoken to or really even met?
K: Yes; for example, I was recently called by a student from […………………………….] ago! He lived in another country. I really didn’t recall him.
He told me a little about himself and I looked back at his records. I told him that all I could do was […………………………….]that he was in my class, that he […………………………….]for all the classes and that he received a […………………………….] in my class. Sometimes Pm very surprised that students who did very poorly in my class ask me for a […………………………….].
J: What do you do in that case? Give a poor reference?
It I, like most Professors I know, never say anything negative about the student; however it is what is […………………………….]that can say it all. So you really want to make sure you’re remembered in a […………………………….]way and have left a good […………………………….].
J: Ok, thanks very much for all this information. The story should come out in our next printing, so if you’re interested I’ll drop one copy over to you.
K: I’ll be looking forward to seeing it.
 Section 4
Good morning; today’s lecture will be about […………………………….] behaviour. Up until now I've talked mostly about […………………………….]features: how they apply to living primates; how we use them for […………………………….]; how they apply to the fossil record. But human […………………………….]isn’t simply about how we’ve changed […………………………….]over the last […………………………….]years; it’s also about how our behaviour has changed.
Now, if I asked you to define what is meant by the term “human”, you could probably, hopefully, give me a list of […………………………….]that physically define us. But at a […………………………….]level, I would hope that what you’d be really proud of is not that we normally walk on two legs, but that we can reason and […………………………….]. Descartes put it […………………………….]: “I think, therefore I am” although, […………………………….], not quite in this context.
This lecture isn’t about human […………………………….]per se, but about primate behaviour in general, and animal behaviour too, since just as we can use the physical characteristics of living primates to give us clues and […………………………….]into the physical characteristics of human […………………………….], so we hope that the behaviours of non-human primates will be similarly […………………………….]for the behaviour of our ancestors.
To begin, let’s talk a bit about primate […………………………….]abilities. I don’t want to mention a lot of different behaviours without first mentioning cognition. Cognition is the amount of thought that goes into a behaviour. There is a world of difference between an […………………………….]hitting a nut with a rock and cracking it by […………………………….], and an animal thinking to itself: “I can’t […………………………….]into this nut. I know, I need something to use as a […………………………….]to crack it.” However, it can be very difficult coming up with experiments to […………………………….]these two.
We can easily test […………………………….]skills, such as recall and discrimination, using methods such as the Wisconsin general test apparatus and vari¬ous training experiments. But it’s much harder to work out the degree of thought […………………………….]. This is still a big problem in evaluating the status of great apes. Just how nearly “sentient” are they? […………………………….], for those of you who don’t remember, means there is the presence of conscious thought
There are various behaviours that could be seen to […………………………….]the presence of […………………………….]thought in primates. Various sorts of […………………………….], or helping others without directly benefiting, can be found in certain great […………………………….]. The animals team up to […………………………….]various goals: for example, hunting, in chimps. This would seem to […………………………….]a degree of cognition. Another feature that has come to light recently is “Machiavellian […………………………….]“. Work, especially with […………………………….], seems to indicate that there is a lot of […………………………….]social deception going one sneaky mating: passing the blame onto others; using infants for […………………………….]. At first glance, this seems very complicated […………………………….], but again, it can, just about, be explained in a fairly […………………………….]cogni-tive way. Highly trained chimps, such as the signing chimp, Washoe, and the computer-aided communication of Kanzi also indicate a high level of […………………………….]. An interesting fact is that these language-trained chimps do much better in the […………………………….]intelligence tests too, indicating that we probably […………………………….]primate intelligence in our traditional experiments. It seems that primates are not all that interest¬ed in the colour of pencils; they want to know the latest gossip about their friends – sound familiar?
And of course, cognition and intelligence in primates is a thorny problem, with deep moral and political […………………………….].
Practice every day to improve your IELTS listening skills. Don’t forget to visit IELTS Material website on a daily basis to find more practice tests for every skill in the IELTS Test.

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